Critical factors in the incident and accident investigation process
The investigation of incidents and accidents is closely linked to the opportunity, severity (ie impact) and legal requirements.
The opportunity in the investigation of incidents and accidents
Opportunity is a critical factor in the investigation of incidents and accidents, since time has a crucial impact on the generation of any type of information. Delays in an investigation could cause the parties involved to partially or completely forget the circumstances of the occurrence of an accident, in addition to changes in the place of the event or the loss of valuable evidence.
In the case of people, if the investigation is not started in a short period of time, it is highly possible that the details of the circumstances of the accidents present distortions and the witnesses do not provide reliable and accurate information.
The investigation process should start immediately after people who may have been affected by an incident are cared for and the scene of the incident is secured to prevent further harm.
The severity or impact
Since any investigation requires time, companies must prioritize the allocation of more resources to those incidents with the most relevant consequences. This applies even to accidents that have not generated significant damage, but due to their characteristics could have a significant impact at some point.
Thus, it is recommended that the following types of incidents be investigated with greater emphasis:
- Those that result in damage that generates a loss of time beyond the day of the incident;
- Those in which the personal damages have been minor, but the potential damage has been high.
- Incidents with property damage greater than USD1,000;
- Incidents with loss of time resulting from the aggravation of previous damage.
In general, beyond the system used by a company to determine the severity of an incident, there is a legal obligation to report all incidents that result in personal injury to employees.
Legal requirements
Depending on the severity of an incident, the presence of physical damage and the jurisdiction where it occurred, certain reporting requirements to the competent authorities must be met. Certain types of events, such as those in which medical help is required or result in significant loss of time, must be reported to special instances related to workers' compensation mechanisms.
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